If you need a quick rundown of basic information about any country, the World Gazetteer is one option. From the site’s homepage:
- Current population figures and area size for all countries and important territories
- Population figures and area size of administrative divisions
- Population figures for the largest cities, towns and places as well as for metropolitan areas
- Historical population data (census or estimates; mostly from last or last two censuses)
- Overview maps that show the position of the country or the administrative divisions
- Summary statistics for countries and territories as well as for the largest cities and agglomerations
- Current national flags
- Summary maps for various subject
- A pronunciation guide for some languages
- There is a downloadable file for offline research
- A population clock that show the current population of the world
- Comprehensive meta information about statistics and the project
Sample maps from the website (for Poland):



Related posts:
- Free Vector Country Borders, Administrative Boundaries, And Soon More
- Animated Cartograms Of World & USA Demographic And Economic Data
- Historical Census Data From the National Historical Geographic Information System
- List Of Towns And Cities In A Country With Coordinates And Elevation
- CIA World Factbook Data In Interactive Format
- Free Blank/Colored Map Graphics
- Map Surname Densities With The World Names Profiler
- The Global Peace Index Map
- US Surname Maps
- Free Outline Maps

Hi Leszek
Another good source is http://www.citypopulation.de for population statistics similar to the ones you presented, which means including maps.
Another good source for similar city/population statistics incl. long/lat for the cities is http://www.tageo.com/index.htm
Cheers
Askan.
Hi Leszek,
Another source is from http://www.geodatasource.com for general purpose. It has a free edition of the database.
Good day.